Indications
Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) : Adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) ... Read more Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) : Adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (PJIA ): Patients 2 years of age and older with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) : Patients 2 years of age and older with active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) : Adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) : Adult patients with giant cell arteritis Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD) : Slowing the rate of decline in pulmonary function in adult patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) COVID-19 : Emergency use of Tocilizumab for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Composition
Pharmacology
Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-human interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin IgG1K (gamma 1, kappa) subclass. Tocilizumab binds to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors, and has been shown to inhibit IL-6-mediated signaling through these receptors. IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by a variety of cell types including T-cells and B-cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and fibroblasts. IL-6 has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological processes such as T-cell activation, induction of immunoglobulin secretion, initiation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. IL-6 is also produced by synovial and endothelial cells leading to local production of IL-6 in joints affected by inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Dosage & Administration
Interruption of dosing may be needed for management of dose-related laboratory abnormalities including elevated liver enzymes, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Rheumatoid Arthritis : Tocilizumab may be used as monotherapy or concomitantly with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs as an intravenous infusion. Recommended Intravenous Dosage Regimen: The recommended dosage of Tocilizumab for adult patients given as a 60-minute single intravenous drip infusion is 4 mg per kg of body weight every 4 weeks followed by an increase to 8 mg per kg of body weight every 4 weeks based on clinical response. Reduction of dose from 8 mg per kg of body weight to 4 mg per kg of body weight is recommended for management of certain dose-related laboratory changes including elevated liver enzymes, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia Doses exceeding 800 mg per infusion are not recommended in RA patients Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : Tocilizumab may be used as an intravenous infusion or as a subcutaneous injection alone or in combination with methotrexate. Do not change dose based solely on a single body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. Recommended Intravenous Dosage Regimen: The recommended dosage of Tocilizumab for PJIA patients given once every 4 weeks as a 60-minute single intravenous drip infusion is: Patients less than 30 kg weight: 10 mg per kg of body weight Patients at or above 30 kg weight: 8 mg per kg of body weight Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : Tocilizumab may be used as an intravenous infusion or as a subcutaneous injection alone or in combination with methotrexate. Do not change a dose based solely on a single body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. Recommended Intravenous Dosage Regimen: The recommended dose of Tocilizumab for SJIA patients given once every 2 weeks as a 60-minute single intravenous drip infusion is: Patients less than 30 kg weight: 12 mg per kg of body weight Patients at or above 30 kg weight: 8 mg per kg of body weight Coronavirus Disease 2019 : The recommended dosage of Tocilizumab is a single 60-minute intravenous infusion as follows: Patients less than 30 kg weight: 12 mg per kg of body weight Patients at or above 30 kg weight: 8 mg per kg of body weight If clinical signs or symptoms worsen or do not improve after the first dose, one additional infusion of Tocilizumab may be administered at least 8 hours after the initial infusion. Maximum dosage in COVID-19 patients is 800 mg per infusion. Cytokine Release Syndrome : Use only the intravenous route for treatment of CRS. The recommended dose of Tocilizumab for treatment of CRS given as a 60-minute intravenous infusion is: Recommended Intravenous CRS Dosage Patients less than 30 kg weight: 12 mg per kg of body weight Alone or in combination with corticosteroids. Patients at or above 30 kg weight: 8 mg per kg of body weight Alone or in combination with corticosteroids. If no clinical improvement in the signs and symptoms of CRS occurs after the first dose, up to 3 additional doses of Tocilizumab may be administered. The interval between consecutive doses should be at least 8 hours. Doses exceeding 800 mg per infusion are not recommended in CRS patients. Giant Cell Arteritis : The recommended dosage of Tocilizumab for adult patients given as a 60-minute single intravenous drip infusion is 6 mg per kg of body weight every 4 weeks in combination with a tapering course of glucocorticoids. Tocilizumab can be used alone following discontinuation of glucocorticoids Doses exceeding 600 mg per infusion are not recommended in GCA patients Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease : The recommended dose of Tocilizumab for adult patients with SSc-ILD is 162 mg given once every week as a subcutaneous injection. Intravenous administration is not approved for SSc-ILD Administration of Intravenous Formulation : For adults with RA, GCA, CRS, PJIA and SJIA patients at or above 30 kg, dilute to 100 mL in 0.9% or 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP for intravenous infusion using aseptic technique For PJIA, SJIA and CRS patients less than 30 kg, dilute to 50 mL in 0.9% or 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP for intravenous infusion using aseptic technique Administer as a single intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour; do not administer as bolus or push.
Contraindications
Tocilizumab is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Tocilizumab.
Side Effects
Most common adverse reactions [incidence of at least 5%): upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, headache, hypertension, increased ALT, injection site reactions. Most common adverse reactions in COVID-19 (incidence >3%) are constipation, anxiety, diarrhea, insomnia, hypertension and nausea.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. In case of COVID-19, Tocilizumab should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk for the mother and the fetus. Discontinue drug or nursing taking into consideration importance of drug to mother. Breastfeeding individuals with COVID-19 should follow practices according to clinical guidelines to avoid exposing the infant to COVID-19.
Precautions & Warnings
Serious Infections : Do not administer Tocilizumab during an active infection, including localized infections. If a serious infection develops, interrupt Tocilizumab until the infection is controlled Tuberculosis : Evaluate patients for tuberculosis risk factors and test for latent infection prior to initiating Tocilizumab Gastrointestinal Perforatio n: Use with caution in patients who may be at increased risk Hepatotoxicity : Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hepatic injury. Modify or discontinue Tocilizumab if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen or if clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease develop Laboratory Monitoring : Recommended due to potential consequences of treatment-related changes in neutrophils, platelets, lipids, and liver function tests Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and death have occurred Live Vaccines : Avoid use with Tocilizumab Avoid using Tocilizumab with biological DMARDs. It is recommended that Tocilizumab not be initiated in patients with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 2000 per mm3 , platelet count below 100,000 per mm3 , or who have ALT or AST above 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)
Therapeutic Class
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Storage Conditions
Store at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C in a dry place. Do not freeze.